Lesson
overview
This lesson focuses on the system-wide concepts that underline the SAP
system.These concepts,organizational elements,master data,and transactions,are
the basic elements designed and utilized to represent a company’s enterprise
structure and business processes within in the SAP system.
Organizational
Elements
A company;s enterprise structure is mapped to SAP applications using
organizational elements
Master Data
Created centrally and available to all applications and all authorized
users,master data also has an organizational aspect because its information is
organized into views that are assigned to organizational elements.
Transaction
Transaction are application programs that execute business processes in SAP
system.Examples includes create sales order,change customer master or display a sales order’s list report.
Business
Examples
Processes within a company generally take place a cross departmental
boundaries.In global companies,these processes take place across national and
company boundaries.The long-term success of IDES AG,is dependent on
collaboration with business partners and a global outlook.IDES wants new orders
from costumers entered into the SAP system with minimal data entry and maximum
data accuracy IDES must also have record of all transactions.
Organizational
Elements
- Client : The client is the highest-level element of all organizational elements; it represent the enterprise/headquarters group.
- Company Code : The company code is a legal independent accounting unit representating the central organizational element of financial accounting.
- Plant : A plant can manufacture product, distribute product, or provide a service, it is the central organizational unit of production.
- Storage Location : Materials stock in Inventory Management can be differentiated within one plant according to stoage location.
- Sales Organization : The sales organization is the central organizational element in sales order management the controla the terms of sale to the customer.
- Distribution Channel : Distribution channels can be used to define how different product reach consumers, for example, wholesale.
- Organizational Unit : Organizational units decribe the various business units that exist in an enterprise. Often unts are loosely defined as functional or regional departements.
- Position : Positions are individual employee assignments in the enterprise.
IDES
IDES (International Demonstration and Educational System) is
an international company dependent upon collaborations with external business
partners and a global outlook.
IDES AG is a manufacturing company.It operetes worldwide and
has a number of subsidiaries.This company’s processes are using during this
training corse to demonstrate the solutions provided by SAP
As a model company,IDES has a large number of business
branches and branch-specific subsidiaries.Business processes are fully set up
and include all core areas,such as purchasing,sales,marketing,and
manufacturing.
As an international company,IDES has several holdings and
requires the ability to report to shareholders on an international
bases.Management’s goal over the next year is to increase profits.Costing
analysis reports,cash management reports,and overhead cost reports are to be
captured to a business intelligence system for management review
IDES AG produces many products.Products are manufactured at a
number of production locations worldwide.Global planning ensures that
deliveries are made from the nearest distribution center.
System-Wide
Master Data Concept
In SAP,master data is created centrally and available to all
applications and all authorized users.Centrally stored master data means data
records are always consistent,up-to –date,and free redundancy.Master data also
has an organizational aspect because its information is organized into views
that are assigned to organizational elements.
Integrating of corresponding data into one single database
objects means that the problem of data redundancy is not an issue and data
inetgrity enhanced.All areas can use the stored data,including sales,purchasing,inventory
management,materials planning,invoice verification,finance,and human resources
Costumer
Master
A costumer master contains key information that defines the
business relationship between a company and its costumer.Company code data
controls the posting procedure and subsequent processing,such as payments and
dunning.Sales organization data provides information on costumers for support
execution of such business processes as entering sales
orders,shipping,billing,and processing payment.The costumer master;s three part
structure is represented by:
ü
General Data: This data is equally relevant to every company code
and every sales organization within a company
ü Data for Company Codes: This data
reflects company-specific agreements with costumer.
ü
Data for Sales : This data has different characteristics for a
company’s sales organizations and channels.
Material
Master
The material master contains all of the key information a
company needs to manage a material within its organization.The material master
defines,among other things,how a product is
sold,manufactured,purchased,inventoried,accounted,and costed.The information in
the material master is grouped into views that are organized business function.
Personnel
file
Personnel files are master data records used primarily mySAP
ERP Human Capital management.These master records follow the same basic
three-part structure,as do other master records.
The organizational elements used by mySAP HCM are unique and,as a group,they
are referred to as Organizational Management.
The functions of Organizational Management enable you to
quickly and efficienctly map your current organizational and reporting
structure with its organizational objects-organizational units,jobs,positions,and
task.
ü Organizational
Units : Describe the various business units the exist in your
enterprise. Multiple organizational units their relationship from the
organizational structure. Organizational units can be loosely defined as
functional or regional departements, or as project groups, depending on the
type of organization.
ü
Jobs : Jobs serve as descriptions, or
templates, that apply to several positions with similiar requirements, tasks,
or other characteristic.
ü
Positions : Positions are individual employee
assignment in the enterprise. Persons occupy positions.
ü Persons : Person hold positions within the organizational structure. Person
represent employees in your company.
Transactions
Transactions are application programs that execute business
processes in the SAP system.Whenever possible,master data is copied during
transaction processing,thusavoiding re-entry of data.
In addition,when performing each transaction,applicable
organizational elements must be entered.For example,by specifying the sales
organization information,the appropriate sales group is given credit for the
sales activity,similary,the designation of the plant/storage location
determines product sourcing.
Whenever a transaction is executed in the system,a document is created.That
document,a data record of the transaction,contains all of the relevant
predefined information from the master data and organizational elements
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